The problem with Section 59 of the Crimes Act is obvious - too many cases of obvious abuse are being sucessfully defended because Courts have to follow the letter of the law, not the intent Parliament had when they drafted the law.
The existing law is this:
1. Every parent of a child, subject to subsection 3 of this section, every person in the place of a parent of a child, is justified in using force by way of correction towards the child, if the force used is reasonable in the circumstances.
2. The reasonableness of the force used is a question of fact.
3. Nothing in subsection 1 of this section justifies the use of force towards a child in contravention of section 139A of the Education Act 1989.
Sue Bradford's amendment to Section 59 runs too many risks of being in the same category.
Her amendment is this:
1. Every parent of a child... is justified in using force if the force used is reasonable in the circumstances and is for the purpose of:
- preventing or minimising harm to the child or another person; or preventing the child from engaging or continuing to engage in conduct that amounts to a criminal offence; or
- preventing the child from engaging or continuing to engage in offensive or disruptive behaviour; or
- performing the normal daily tasks that are incidental to good care and parenting.
2. Nothing in subsection (1) or in any rule of common law justifies the use of force for the purpose of correction.
3. Subsection (2) prevails over subsection (1).
I have two issues with this. Firstly, while the intent of the proposed law is to stop people thrashing their child the law is left to the Police to administer. And while the intent of Parliament will be that Police will use discretion, the law does not allow for any discretion. So the Police will naturally use an uneven amount of discretion based on factors other than how the child was treated - is the suspect already known to them, does the suspect have a bad attitude towards the officers, and so on.
Secondly, while the law prevents the use of force for corrective purposes, it allows reasonable force to be used to remove children from dangerous situations and to prevent the child from committing a crime. But like the old law, there is no definition of reasonable - is picking up a child who is on the driveway okay? Is throwing them over the fence so they can't get back into the same situation okay? Similarly, is it okay to kick away a child who is trying to steal a chocolate bar in a supermarket? Without a definitive clause to spell out what is reasonable people could still get off from cases of child abuse.
However, having said this, I prefer Sue Bradford's amendments to the existing law. It makes it impossible to defend a case of child abuse by using the way the law is written for disiplining children.
But overall, I prefer the proposed
Chester Burrows amendment that will better define what reasonable force is - spelling out the intent of lawmakers more clearly to the courts.
I'm not so happy with his proposal that Judges can make a decision as to whether S59 applies - as it clearly does whenever an adult is responsible for the welfare of a child, even if they are not the parent, and they use force for corrective actions.
Overall, it's a bit of a muddle - but I do hope that Sue Bradford doesn't withdraw the bill if Chester Burrows amendments succeed. One thing just about everyone can agree on is the current law needs tidying up.